Nail
Hard plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of each distal phalanx.

Function:
A healthy fingernails has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the fingertips, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries. It also serves to enhance precise delicate movements of the distal digits through counter-pressure exerted on the pulp of the finger.

Body
The visible attached portion

The main function is to protect the living nail bed of the fingers and toes.

Free edge
The portion of the nail that grows out away from the body.

The function of the free edge is to protect the fingertip and the hyponychium. This is the part we file and shape.

Root
The part that is embedded in the slin and adheres to an epithelial nail bed. Also known as the nail matrix

The function of the nail matrix is to produce new nail cells.

Nail folds
Skin folds that overlap the borders of the nail.

The function of the nail folds (nail wall) is to protect the nail plate edges.

Eponychium
The thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle.

The function of eponychium is tot protect matrix from infection.

Nail bed
Extension of the stratum basale beneath the nail.

The function of the nail bed is to supply nourishment and protection.

Nail matrix
The thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth.

Ita function is to produce new nail cells.

Lunula
The proximal region of the thickened nail matrix, which appears as a white crescent.

The lunula contains stem cells and nail plate matrix which helps the growth of the nail. If it gets damaged your nail can’t grow well.