The Nephrons are the smallest filtering unit of the Kidneys. This video by the Biomed Sessions is very helpful in understanding how nephrons filter our blood.

From this video, we can see that the unfiltered blood enters the afferent arteriole, then passes through the glomerulus. Although the blood exits the efferent arteriole, the glomerular filtrates goes into the Bowman’s Capsule. From the Bowman’s Capsule, it goes into the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (made of simple cuboidal epithelia). The PCT reabsorbs water, ions and organic elements. From the PCT, the filtrate moves down into the Loop of Henle. Here, we can see further reabsorption of water by the descending limb, and sodium and chloride by the ascending limb. After this process, the filtrate is dilute because almost 25% of sodium and chloride are reabsorbed. To avoid cell damage, we need to regulate the amount of salt and water in the blood. The distal convoluted tube facilitates the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, while potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted into the tube. Finally, the Collecting Duct facilitates reabsorption of water, sodium chloride and urea.

FUNCTION OF THE NEPHRON made easy!! – YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UVlXX-9x7Q

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