A formal procedure for investigating a problem and coming up with a solution is called Systems Analysis and Design. System analysis is important because it provides an avenue for solutions in the system through the various tasks involved in doing the analysis. Through these various tasks, the overall quality of a system can be easily modified or improved and occurrences of errors can ultimately be reduced.

Some more additional information here:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/system-analysis-vs-system-design/
System Analysis vs System Design – What are the Differences?
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