MT14 AA – LEC
Arip, Jannah May M.

A Laboratory information system or LIS is a healthcare software system designed to streamline different aspects of laboratory operation through recording, storing, and managing patient data. This system helps laboratory professionals in having systematic control of the workflow inside the laboratory. Its main function is to improve the management of laboratory data and processes.

Laboratory information systems consist of 3 major components. These major components perform specific tasks and responsibilities.

First is the sample and specimen tracking, which is the primary component of LIS because samples and specimens are of the utmost importance in any clinical laboratory. LIS aids laboratorians in keeping track of the samples and specimens, from the collection up to the storage process. It ensures the correct labeling of specimens and their tracking during their time in the laboratory.

This process includes the accuracy of necessary details, such as the patient name, ID, admission department of the patient, sample type, date, batch number, and volume. This is essential for generating concise results of the test performed in a single document.

The second component is the Implementing protocols. This component aims to enhance the standard of laboratory workflow by implementing certain protocols, procedures, steps, and processes. LIS helps produce standard operating procedures (SOP) for sample processes and precise result interpretation by computerizing all the procedures.

LIS also allows healthcare providers to request patients for specific tests, through the use of electronic health records or EHR systems. It also generates and delivers test results, making the process more efficient and accurate. The electronic delivery of results to healthcare workers minimizes the chance of errors related to manual reporting.

It also functions in quality control, supervising and ensuring the quality of laboratory tests and processes. Additionally, it also functions in managing the inventory of laboratory supplies and reagents, securing the availability of resources during tests. It also enhances data security and privacy by ensuring that only authorized personnel can access sensitive information within the system.

The last component is managing sample storage. This includes grouping sample storage containing the same batch number or collection date. This process helps in the accurate storage of samples which may be utilized in the future.

This method is achieved by placing a sample batch in the same container, box, or shelf. The system then keeps track of the area where it is placed. The storage hierarchy is vital for a busy laboratory to be well organized and efficient as it helps locate samples easily.

The functionality of a laboratory information system encompasses a broad range of workflow. Shrestha (2022) divided the overall workflow of a laboratory information system into three phases. Namely, these are the pre-analytical, analytical, and the post-analytical.

The pre-analytical phase includes the creation of a database, tracking of samples, patients, and physicians, and checking the inventory. Logging in of the laboratorian performing the tests, assigning barcodes to samples, and tracking chemical and reagent inventory takes place. This phase occurs before the collection of samples, which simply means that this is the phase for filling up the necessary information before the actual tests are done.

The analytical phase is where the digital input of the test schedule, the chain of custody, the test procedures, the test results, and the confirmation of test results commences. This phase leads the data to its designated location and assures the quality control of the performed laboratory tests.

The post-analytical phase involves the result report, result storage, data exchange, and billing. The information from the results of the tests is being processed and stored in certain areas. This phase also includes the release of the results to the physician, necessary departments, and the patient.

To conclude, laboratory information systems hold an integral part in modern healthcare and laboratory profession. They provide a significant contribution to the development of patient care, operation efficiency, and data accuracy. The significance of LIS continues to grow as it is a great tool for data-based decision-making and provides better patient care in the healthcare industry.

References
Shrestha, A. (2022, August 31). Laboratory Information System (LIS) • Microbe Online. Microbe Online. Retrieved October 5, 2023, from https://microbeonline.com/laboratory-information-system-lis/
What is LIS Software and How Does it Work? (n.d.). Orchard Software. Retrieved October 5, 2023, from https://www.orchardsoft.com/resources/learn-about-lis/