The human spinal cord
A long, slender bundle of nerves, acts as a two-way information highway. It carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Sensory neurons transmit information about touch, temperature, and pain from the body to the brain. Conversely, motor neurons relay instructions from the brain to the muscles, enabling movement. The spinal cord also houses reflex centers, which coordinate involuntary actions like knee jerks.

The cerebellum
It is nestled at the rear of the mammalian brain, is a maestro of movement. It integrates sensory information with motor commands, fine-tuning coordination, balance, and posture. This intricate structure also plays a vital role in motor learning, enabling us to refine and improve our movements over time. Additionally, the cerebellum helps regulate muscle tone and contributes to speech production.

The cerebrum, dominant in mammals, is the mastermind of the brain for complex information processing. Made of neuron-rich gray matter and fiber-filled white matter, it tackles tasks like thinking, planning, and interpreting sensations. Divided into two hemispheres, each has specialized functions, allowing us to navigate the world with both logic and creativity.

Source: National Institutes of Health