Activity 3: Circulatory System

The circulatory system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work
together to transport essential substances throughout the body.

📍Vena Cava (Vein)

The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the
heart, specifically the right atrium. It is composed of three main layers: the tunica intima,
tunica media, and tunica externa, which provide structural support and regulate blood
flow. The vena cava plays a crucial role in returning blood to the heart for oxygenation
and distribution to the body.

📍Artery, Vein, and Nerve

Arteries, veins, and nerves are all part of the circulatory system, with distinct functions
and structures. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of
the body, veins return deoxygenated blood back to the heart, and nerves provide
innervation and control functions. Arteries have thick walls to withstand high pressure,
veins have valves to prevent backflow, and nerves regulate vascular tone and blood flow.

📍Spleen Human

The spleen is an organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen, near the stomach
and pancreas, and is a part of the lymphatic system. It is composed of red pulp, white
pulp, and a capsule, containing a rich blood supply and immune cells. The spleen
functions in filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, storing platelets,
and producing antibodies to fight infections.

📍Mammal Vein

Veins in mammals are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart,
with thinner walls compared to arteries and containing valves to prevent backflow. They
are composed of three layers: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa, which
help regulate blood flow and maintain vascular integrity. Veins play a crucial role in
returning blood to the heart for oxygenation and distribution throughout the body.

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References:

Circulatory (cardiovascular) system. (2023, September 12). Kenhub.
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/circulatory-system
Pittman, R. N. (2011). The circulatory system and oxygen transport. Regulation of Tissue
Oxygenation – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54112/