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Kylemaxinne Panzo posted an update in the group
MT 30 – A (LAB) S.Y. ‘23-‘24 1 year, 7 months ago Kylemaxinne B. Panzo
MT 30 – A (LAB)
Activity 7: Respiratory Tissues
The respiratory system supplies air with oxygen for the blood that is to be transported to different parts of the body. This happens when we inhale. In exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide exits our body when we exhale. The movement of air is possible because of a ventilating mechanism, which includes the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The respiratory system is composed of two primary parts. First is the conducting portion that transports air, which starts from the nasal cavities down to the terminal bronchioles. Second is the respiratory portion, where gas exchange occurs. It consists of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
The epiglottis prevents materials from entering the airways, ensuring that only air passes through. It projects from the upper rim of the larynx, and is made of elastic cartilage. Its superior surface is made of stratified squamous epithelium, while the inferior surface is made of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium – the respiratory epithelium.
The larynx (voice-box) is a short passage between the pharynx (throat) and the trachea (windpipe). It maintains an open airway to help in breathing and is responsible for sound production. It is also lined with respiratory epithelium, and it contains hyaline and elastic cartilages as well.
The lungs in our chest cavity help facilitate the gas exchange in our body. It particularly occurs inside alveoli, where it contains capillaries for oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse. Type I cells are involved in this process, while type II cells are cuboidal cells maintaining the surfactant layer.
Bronchioles are found within the lungs branching off from larger bronchi and conduct air to and from the alveoli. They are composed of smooth muscle, and they lack mucosal glands and cartilage. Before air arrives in the alveoli, it passes through the terminal bronchioles which contain cuboidal epithelium. This epithelium has Club cells which have non-ciliated, dome-shaped apical ends to perform secretion of surfactant and antimicrobial peptides and cytokines.
REFERENCE
Mescher A.L. (2018). Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, 15th Edition. McGraw Hill. Retrieved from https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3390§ionid=281539239
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