-
Ricci Libron changed their profile picture 2 years, 8 months ago
Latest updates
The Nephrons are the smallest filtering unit of the Kidneys. This video by the Biomed Sessions is very helpful in understanding how nephrons filter our blood.
From this video, we can see that the unfiltered blood enters the afferent arteriole, then passes through the glomerulus. Although the blood exits the efferent arteriole, the glomerular filtrates goes into the Bowman’s Capsule. From the Bowman’s Capsule, it goes into the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (made of simple cuboidal epithelia). The PCT reabsorbs water, ions and organic elements. From the PCT, the filtrate moves down into the Loop of Henle. Here, we can see further reabsorption of water by the descending limb, and sodium and chloride by the ascending limb. After this process, the filtrate is dilute because almost 25% of sodium and chloride are reabsorbed. To avoid cell damage, we need to regulate the amount of salt and water in the blood. The distal convoluted tube facilitates the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, while potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted into the tube. Finally, the Collecting Duct facilitates reabsorption of water, sodium chloride and urea.
FUNCTION OF THE NEPHRON made easy!! – YouTubeCRANIAL NERVES made easy!!: https://youtu.be/LErhlZrvQ7gCorrection @2:54 – substances actually move from apical to basolateral!A step-by-step tutorial about …
The article entitled, “Histology, Blood Vascular System” talks about the structure and function of the blood vessels. It also talks about how to prepare the histology slide of these tissues. The blood vessels are an essential component of the cardiovascular system. They are responsible for delivering blood to the various organs and tissues in the body. Blood vessels start from the heart and courses through the different parts of the body. Histologically, we have large blood vessels or macrovasculature, and smaller blood vessels (<100 microns) or microvasculature. There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries are responsible for bringing oxygenated blood towards the different parts of the body, while Veins are responsible for bringing deoxygenated blood to the heart. Capillaries function for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the arteries and the veins. The blood vessels have three layers, namely, tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima. Tunica adventitia functions for vessel integrity and resisting physical wall strain.It has a lot of collagen because this facilitates anchoring of the vessel to nearby structures and tissue. Tunica media is the middle vessel layer. It is thicker in arteries than veins. Lastly, tunica intima interacts with the contents of the lumen. It is defined by a single layer of simple squamous endothelial cells. Histological preparations can be made with routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. We can also use the Verhoeff stain as an alternative.
Studying the blood vessels is essential to knowing the different diseases that may affect our cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases that may affect the blood vessels. It involves fatty plaque deposition in the vessels. It can also be affected by Arteriolosclerosis, which involves hardening and the loss of the intrinsic elasticity of vessels.
Reference:
Taylor AM, Bordoni B. Histology, Blood Vascular System. [Updated 2022 May 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553217/
'Histology,Blood vessels are fundamental components of the cardiovascular system, responsible for the dynamic transportation of matter and blood products to every cell in the body. The vascular network begins at the outlets of the heart, courses the entire body, and returns at the major venous inlets of the heart. This complex vascular highway functions to deliver blood cells, nutrients, oxygen, and pharmacological agents to tissue. Just as blood vessels direct material towards the tissue, they also facilitate the removal of cellular byproducts, carbon dioxide, and toxic chemicals from the tissue. Histologically the vasculature system is separated into macro vasculature and microvasculature. The macro vasculature being any vessel observable with the naked eye, and the microvasculature being vessels that are less than 100 microns.
The Nephrons are the smallest filtering unit of the Kidneys. This video by the Biomed Sessions is very helpful in understanding how nephrons filter our blood.
From this video, we can see that the unfiltered blood enters the afferent arteriole, then passes through the glomerulus. Although the blood exits the efferent arteriole, the glomerular filtrates goes into the Bowman’s Capsule. From the Bowman’s Capsule, it goes into the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (made of simple cuboidal epithelia). The PCT reabsorbs water, ions and organic elements. From the PCT, the filtrate moves down into the Loop of Henle. Here, we can see further reabsorption of water by the descending limb, and sodium and chloride by the ascending limb. After this process, the filtrate is dilute because almost 25% of sodium and chloride are reabsorbed. To avoid cell damage, we need to regulate the amount of salt and water in the blood. The distal convoluted tube facilitates the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, while potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted into the tube. Finally, the Collecting Duct facilitates reabsorption of water, sodium chloride and urea.
FUNCTION OF THE NEPHRON made easy!! – YouTubeCRANIAL NERVES made easy!!: https://youtu.be/LErhlZrvQ7gCorrection @2:54 – substances actually move from apical to basolateral!A step-by-step tutorial about …
The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body. It forms a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment. It also regulates the temperature, synthesizes Vitamin D, and detects the stimuli. It is composed of the Skin, the hypodermis, the hair, and the nails.
The Skin consists of Epidermis and Dermis. The Epidermis acts as the first line of defense against the environment. This tough outer layer comprises Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells divided into stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, and stratum lucidum (only present in the palms and soles, located between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). It regenerates from stem cells found in the basal layer that grows towards the corneum.
The Dermis is an underlying tissue framework that supports the Epidermis. It has two parts: superficial papillary DermisDermis and the deep reticular layer. The former forms finger-like projections into the Epidermis, known as dermal papillae, and has a highly-vascular loose connective tissue. The latter has a dense connective tissue that forms a strong network.
The hair follicle contains the hair bulb that actively divides to extend the hair shaft vertically.
Sources: Kim JY, Dao H. Physiology, Integument. [Updated 2021 May 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554386/
Integumentary System.gif – Google DriveIntegumentary System.gif – Google Drive
Muscle tissues are composed of cells that have special ability to shorten or contract to produce movement in body parts. They are highly cellular and is supplied with blood vessels. Its long and slender cells or muscle fibers are arranged in bundles or layers. It is also surrounded with connective tissues. There are 3 types of muscle tissue.
1. Skeletal muscles are cylindrical, multinucleated and striated. They are also the only muscle tissue that can be moved voluntarily.
2. Cardiac muscles have branching fibers, uninucleated and striated. They are involuntary and have intercalated discs.
3. Smooth muscles are spindle shaped, single and centrally-located nucleus. It has no striations.
MUSCLE TISSUES.png – Google DriveMUSCLE TISSUES.png – Google Drive
Recently Active Members
