LabXperience is a primary lab able to perform tests in hematology and clinical microscopy. CBC, urinalysis, and fecalysis are the tests performed in this lab.

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

Complete Blood Count or CBC is a common blood test that provides important information about the types and numbers of cells in the blood. As part of our primary laboratory service, this test holds significance for a general health assessment used to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions. The test includes the following components:

1. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Parameters:

        RBC Count – a blood test measuring the number of red blood cells per microliter of blood. 

        Hemoglobin (Hb) Concentration: The amount of hemoglobin in a specified blood volume.

        Hematocrit (Hct): The proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

        Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): The average volume of a red blood cell.

        Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): The average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell.

        Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): The hemoglobin concentration in a red blood cell.

2. White Blood Cell (WBC) Parameters:

        WBC Count: The total number of white blood cells per microliter of blood.

        Differential White Blood Cell Count: The percentage of different types of white blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

3. Platelet Parameters:

        Platelet Count: The number of platelets (cell fragments) per microliter of blood.

        Mean Platelet Volume (MPV): The average volume or size of platelets.

URINALYSIS

Definition: A urinalysis involves examining an individual’s urine in a laboratory to assess its chemical composition, such as sugar and protein levels, as well as the types and quantities of cells present. This analysis aids doctors in diagnosing various medical conditions, including diabetes, urinary tract infections, and kidney diseases.

1. Visual exam: A laboratory technician assesses the visual characteristics of urine. Normally, urine is transparent, but the presence of cloudiness or an unusual smell may suggest an issue, such as an infection. The presence of protein in urine can result in a foamy appearance.

2. Dipstick exam: A dipstick, a slender plastic rod with chemical strips, is immersed in the urine. The color of the chemical strips undergoes a change if specific substances are present or if their levels exceed the normal range.

3. Microscopic exam: This examination involves observing a urine sample through a microscope. It enables the identification of cells from the urinary tract, blood cells, crystals, bacteria, parasites, and cells from tumors. Frequently employed to validate results from other tests or contribute supplementary information to a diagnosis, this test serves a complementary role in the diagnostic process.

FECALYSIS

Fecalysis, also known as a fecal or stool analysis, is a laboratory test that examines a stool sample to gather information about the digestive system and detect various conditions. Common tests conducted during fecalysis include:

1. Macroscopic Examination: This involves the visual inspection of the stool sample for color, consistency, presence of blood, mucus, or foreign materials.

2. Microscopic Examination: Microscopic analysis involves studying the stool sample under a microscope to identify and quantify various components. This includes:

   – *Parasite and Worm Eggs:* Detecting the presence of parasites or worm eggs in the stool.

   – *Bacteria:* Identifying abnormal bacterial flora, which could indicate infections.

   – *White Blood Cells:* Elevated levels may suggest inflammation or infection.

   – *Red Blood Cells:* Presence may indicate bleeding in the digestive tract.

3. Chemical Tests: These tests may include assessments for occult blood (hidden blood) in the stool, which could be a sign of gastrointestinal bleeding.

4. Culture: In some cases, a stool culture may be performed to identify specific pathogens, especially if there are symptoms of infectious diarrhea.

5. Ova and Parasite Examination: This is a specific test to detect the presence of parasites or their eggs in the stool.

BLOOD TYPING AND CROSSMATCHING TEST

The Blood Typing and Crossmatching test involves determining an individual’s ABO blood group (A, B, AB, O) and Rh factor (positive or negative). Simultaneously, the crossmatching aspect ensures compatibility between a donor’s blood and a recipient’s blood. Major cross matching evaluates donor red blood cells with recipient plasma, and minor cross matching assesses donor plasma with recipient red blood cells. This essential test ensures the safe matching of blood for transfusions, minimizing the risk of adverse reactions between donors and recipients.

1. ABO Blood Typing:

 a critical test that determines an individual’s blood group based on the presence of A and B antigens on red blood cells. The procedure involves mixing a small blood sample with antibodies specific to A and B antigens, observing the reaction to identify the blood type (A, B, AB, or O). 

Rh Factor Testing: 

Determination of the Rh factor (positive or negative) on red blood cells to complete the blood type classification.

2. Major and Minor Cross Matching: 

Mixing donor red blood cells with recipient plasma to ensure compatibility and prevent agglutination or adverse reactions. The latter test for mixing donor plasma with recipient red blood cells to assess compatibility and avoid adverse reactions.

3. Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT or Coombs Test): 

This test detects antibodies or complement proteins attached to red blood cells. It involves mixing a patient’s blood with anti-human globulin antibodies. A positive result indicates immune-mediated reactions, aiding in the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemias and assessing transfusion compatibility.

Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT): 

The IAT is a blood test that identifies antibodies in the recipient’s plasma that might react with donor red blood cells. It plays a crucial role in detecting potential compatibility issues during blood transfusions, ensuring safe and effective matches between donors and recipients.

4. RBC Antibody Titration: 

a test that measures the strength of antibodies in a patient’s blood. It helps evaluate the risk of adverse reactions during blood transfusions by determining the concentration and reactivity of antibodies.