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The reproductive system ensures the survival of the species. Other systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to maintain homeostasis for the survival of the individual. An individual may live a long, healthy, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to continue, at least some individuals must produce offspring.
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uterus
The uterus undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle divided into proliferative, secretory and menstrual phases. This specimen is from the proliferative phase.
The uterine wall is composed of three layers:
Endometrium – specialized mucosa that undergoes marked changes during the menstrual cycle.
Functional Layer (or stratum functionalis) – upper two thirds that regenerates from cells in the basal layer under the influence of estrogen.
Simple Columnar Epithelium – epithelial cells remaining from the bases of glands rapidly proliferate and migrate to restore the surface epithelium.
Endometrial Stroma – cells proliferate and secrete collagen and ground substance to restore the lamina propria.
Uterine Glands – surface epithelium invaginates into the stroma to form new glands.
The glands are straight (or slightly wavy) and have narrow lumens.
Very little secretion.
Basal Layer (or stratum basalis) – lower third of the mucosa that is retained during menstruation and regenerates the functional layer.