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The reproductive system ensures the survival of the species. Other systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to maintain homeostasis for the survival of the individual. An individual may live a long, healthy, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to continue, at least some individuals must produce offspring.
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The vagina has three layers: the internal mucosal layer, the intermediate muscularis layer and the external adventitial layer.
*Internal mucosal layer: consists of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The epithelium has no glands so there is no mucus secretion. It functions to protect the vagina and serve as a lining for moist internal cavities.
*Intermediate muscularis layer: has innervated smooth muscle fibers. It is arranged longitudinally and moves autonomically. It allows the contraction of the vagina especially during premenstruation. It contracts periodically to expel the uterine/vaginal contents. Its movement is only felt during dysmenorrheic pain.
*Adventitia: It is rich in collagen and elastic, provides structural support to the vagina, and allows for expansion of the vagina during intercourse and childbirth.