Abigail S. Morallas
MT14 – CC

What is the function of the laboratory information system?

The Laboratory Information System, often known as LIS, is a complete network of computer components used by hospitals. The LIS processes, stores, manages, tracks, and updates details of patients related to laboratory processes and testing in its database for future reference. It enables the laboratory to contribute to the doctor’s determination of the patient’s health status and the development of treatment.

In addition, the LIS provides information on patient parameters, test information and result records, work lists, master test lists, financial functions, productivity and workload monitoring, quality management, special processing requirements, and interface with other computer systems. The LIS also provides laboratory professionals with a coordinated workflow, quality control of testing, and readily accessible information.

The LIS ensures integrity and internal consistency. It also maintains the confidentiality and security of the patient’s information. The LIS aids in the improvement of data quality as it plays a central role in laboratory decision-making. It guarantees that the laboratory will run efficiently and smoothly from the moment the doctor creates the order for a laboratory test to the release of results.

What are the major components of a laboratory information system?

Hardware and software make up the major components of a laboratory information system. Hardware includes input devices, a central processing unit, and output devices.

Input devices allow the computer to accept data by using keyboards, data converters, and computer links. The central processing unit acts as the computer’s brain and heart, processing user input, doing calculations, and storing data for later use. In performing the tasks, the CPU complies with the instructions of the computer program.

Additional parts associated with computer memory and data storage consist of main memory, peripheral storage units, read-only memory, random-access memory, and databases. Computer disks such as hard drives, floppy drives, optical disks, and disk drives are also available. A computer can connect with its users and convey information because of output devices like printers.

The software comprises instructions that guide the hardware on what tasks to perform. There are two types of software, applications software and system software. Applications software is composed of programs designed to meet the specific needs of the users, while systems software is designed to control and run the operating system of the computer.

Additionally, the major components of LIS could also mean tracking samples, implementing protocols, and managing storage. Tracking samples involves entering patient details, unique IDs, sample type, date/batch number, and volume in the software that helps generate a comprehensive report. Protocol implementation improves laboratory workflow standards, maintains quality testing, and provides visibility based on authorization. The final component of LIS is managing sample storage. Samples with the same batch number or collection date are grouped and placed on shelf racks for easy identification and location.

How does laboratory information management system work?

Laboratories use a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) to ensure efficient work processes. The LIMS collects and registers data by connecting with other systems like ERP or MES. Samples are automatically collated in the LIMS to ensure quality inspection.

After registration, the samples undergo test execution. The LIMS connects different instruments in the laboratory, ensuring zero risks for errors. Full analysis results can be registered automatically in the LIMS. The next step is validation, where a laboratory manager evaluates the correct information and results. Every decision taken must ensure full GMP compliance.

Lastly, the LIMS provides reports on laboratory data. The analysis and management reports and certification of analysis are sent to other systems, allowing real-time tracking of sample status and maintenance of data integrity.

References:

Analytics, T. W. (2023). What is a LIMS and What are They Used for? Third Wave Analytics. https://thirdwaveanalytics.com/blog/what-does-a-lims-do/
Shrestha, A., & Shrestha, A. (2022). Laboratory Information System (LIS). Microbe Online. https://microbeonline.com/laboratory-information-system-lis/
Varnadoe, L. (1996). Medical Laboratory Management and Supervision: Operations, Review, and Study Guide (1st ed.). F.A. Davis Company.