The process of turning waste into urine involves the following steps:

1. Blood flows into the afferent arteriole and is filtered in the glomerulus, which is enclosed by Bowman’s capsule.
2. The filtrate then moves into the proximal convoluted tubule, where reabsorption of essential substances occurs.
3. It descends into the loop of Henle, where water and salt balance are adjusted, and then ascends back up the loop.
4. Next, the filtrate enters the distal convoluted tubule, where further regulation of ions and pH takes place.
5. Finally, the remaining fluid enters the collecting duct, where it is concentrated into urine and transported from the kidney to the bladder.