Pharynx – passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus
Pharyngitis – infection causing sore throat

Oesophagus – tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach
Acid reflux (GERD) – stomach acid moves up and causes heartburn

Liver – makes bile to help digest fats and cleans toxins from the blood
Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Gallbladder – stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
Gallstones – hard deposits that block bile flow

Stomach – breaks down food with acid and enzymes
Gastritis – irritation of the stomach lining

Pancreas – produces digestive enzymes and insulin for blood sugar control
Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas

Small intestine – absorbs nutrients from digested food
Celiac disease – immune reaction to gluten damages the small intestine

Large intestine – absorbs water and forms solid waste (stool)
Colitis – inflammation of the colon

Rectum – stores stool before it leaves the body
Hemorrhoids – swollen veins in the rectum

Anus – opening where stool leaves the body
Anal fissure – small tear causing pain and bleeding