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Good Day, everyone!! Attached below is a picture of my Activity 2D (Nervous Tissues). Included in this post are descriptions and some functions of the nervous tissues posted.
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–CEREBRUM–

The cerebrum, situated at the top and front of the skull, is the brain’s largest component, managing various tasks. It comprises gray matter (the cerebral cortex) and white matter at its center. It is crucial for everyday functions, from thoughts to actions, essentially shaping our interactions and identity (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d.).

Specifically, the cerebrum orchestrates many conscious actions of the brain, including managing the five senses—sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch—and processing their input. It also controls language functions, such as reading, writing, and speaking, while overseeing working memory, responsible for short-term memory tasks like remembering grocery lists. Moreover, the frontal lobe, a part of the cerebrum, governs behavior and personality, acting as a filter to regulate actions and speech. Additionally, specific areas of the cerebrum direct movement by sending signals to the muscles, and different regions collaborate for learning, logic, and reasoning tasks (Cleveland Clinic, 2022).

–SPINAL CORD–

The spinal cord, extending from the lower portion of the brain to the lower back, serves as a vital conduit for communication between the brain and the body. It facilitates crucial functions like relaying signals from the brain controlling movement and autonomic functions, as well as transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain, including touch, pressure, and pain sensations. Additionally, the spinal cord independently conducts reflex responses, such as the patellar reflex, which causes a person’s knee to involuntarily jerk when tapped in a certain spot. Overall, it plays a pivotal role in transmitting nerve impulses for various bodily functions, including movement, sensation, pressure, temperature, and pain perception (Luo & Nall, 2019).

In essence, the spinal cord acts as a complex organization of nerve cells facilitating movement and sensation while serving as a crucial link between the brain and the body. Its intricate network enables the seamless exchange of signals, ensuring essential bodily functions operate smoothly. From enabling voluntary movements to sensing the environment and initiating reflex actions, the spinal cord’s role in maintaining bodily homeostasis and facilitating our interaction with the world around us cannot be overstated.

–CEREBELLUM–

The cerebellum, despite constituting a small fraction of the brain’s total weight, holds significant sway over vital voluntary movements such as walking and balance. Situated behind the brain stem’s upper portion, it consists of two hemispheres and predates human evolution, being present in earlier species like apes.

Comprising about 10 percent of the brain’s weight yet containing over half, possibly up to 80 percent, of its neurons, the cerebellum acts as a hub for receiving sensory information from various systems, the spinal cord, and other brain regions to regulate movement control. It orchestrates voluntary movements like walking, posture, balance, coordination, eye movements, and speech, ensuring smooth and balanced muscular activity while also contributing to motor learning. Damage to the cerebellum may not cause paralysis or intellectual impairment but can result in issues such as lack of balance, slower movements, tremors, and unsteady or uncontrolled complex movements (Moawad, 2023).

–NERVE FIBER–

Nerve fibers, also known as axons, are elongated projections of neurons responsible for transmitting electrical impulses away from the cell body. Dysfunction in these fibers can lead to various neurological disorders affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Key characteristics of nerve fibers include high excitability, allowing them to respond to various stimuli and generate electrical impulses. These impulses propagate along the length of the fiber and can be transmitted to other neurons, muscles, or glands through synaptic connections. Additionally, nerve fibers have a refractory period, limiting their ability to generate new impulses during conduction. Despite continuous stimulation, nerve fibers do not fatigue.

Furthermore, nerve fibers exhibit an all-or-none response, meaning they either transmit the entire impulse or none at all, with stimulus strength affecting only the initiation of an action potential. Summation occurs when multiple sub-threshold stimuli are applied rapidly, resulting in the generation of an action potential. These characteristics underpin the vital role nerve fibers play in neural communication and function (Byju’s, n.d.).

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REFERENCES:

—Byju’s. (n.d.). Properties and classification of nerve fibres. https://byjus.com/biology/properties-and-classification-of-nerve-fibres/#:~:text=Frequently%20Asked%20Questions-,What%20are%20Nerve%20Fibres%3F,other%20neurons%2C%20muscles%20or%20glands

—Cleveland Clinic. (2022, May 21). Cerebrum. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23083-cerebrum

—John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Brain anatomy and how the brain works. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anatomy-of-the-brain#:~:text=The%20largest%20part%20of%20the,hearing%2C%20touch%20and%20other%20senses

—Luo, E.K., & Nall, R. (2019, November 12). A guide to the spinal cord: Anatomy and injuries. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326984

—Moawad, H. (2023, June 20). Cerebellum. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/cerebellum#1