Google Analytics is a powerful tool that tracks and analyzes website traffic for informed marketing decisions.
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__utmb
Used to distinguish new sessions and visits. This cookie is set when the GA.js javascript library is loaded and there is no existing __utmb cookie. The cookie is updated every time data is sent to the Google Analytics server.
30 minutes after last activity
__utmc
Used only with old Urchin versions of Google Analytics and not with GA.js. Was used to distinguish between new sessions and visits at the end of a session.
End of session (browser)
__utmz
Contains information about the traffic source or campaign that directed user to the website. The cookie is set when the GA.js javascript is loaded and updated when data is sent to the Google Anaytics server
6 months after last activity
__utmv
Contains custom information set by the web developer via the _setCustomVar method in Google Analytics. This cookie is updated every time new data is sent to the Google Analytics server.
2 years after last activity
__utmx
Used to determine whether a user is included in an A / B or Multivariate test.
18 months
_ga
ID used to identify users
2 years
_gali
Used by Google Analytics to determine which links on a page are being clicked
30 seconds
_ga_
ID used to identify users
2 years
_gid
ID used to identify users for 24 hours after last activity
24 hours
_gat
Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests when using Google Tag Manager
1 minute
_gac_
Contains information related to marketing campaigns of the user. These are shared with Google AdWords / Google Ads when the Google Ads and Google Analytics accounts are linked together.
90 days
__utma
ID used to identify users and sessions
2 years after last activity
__utmt
Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests
10 minutes
Data accuracy is a key attribute of high-quality data. In this article, there are at least 6 important elements of good data quality and these are the following:
– Completeness, meaning all data elements are present within data sets
– Consistency, meaning there are no conflicts of data values in different systems
– Uniqueness, meaning that there is a lack of duplicate records in databases
– Timeliness or currency, meaning that the data is up to date keeping it current
– Validity, meaning that the data contains values it should and is structured properly
– Conformity, to the standard data formats implemented by an organization
The article also discussed ways to determine data quality namely, doing inventory of data assets, doing baseline studies, creating data quality rules, or even utilizing various methodologies for assessment. Data quality is assessed in many ways and it is indispensable that we achieve high-quality data to increase accuracy of analytics application.
Data quality should be managed consistently to achieve a long-term and consistent services. By this the article also presents the virtuous cycle of data quality management such as: 1) Monitor results of improvement methods against targets; 2) Identify and measure how poor data quality impedes business objectives; 3) Define business-related data quality rules; 4) Design quality improvement processes and set performance targets; 5) Implement quality improvement methods and processes; and 6) Cleanse and enhance data.
When data quality is managed well, companies and organizations are able to reap benefits that could mainly save them large amounts of monetary asset and be able to identify and fix bad data in their systems. Most especially, it will lead to better decision-making activities that increase sales and allowing efficient and maximized use of manpower in other tasks for productivity in their service and business operations.
Lastly, I’ve learned how data integrity complements data quality, data governance, and data protection mechanisms. Data integrity focuses on both logical and physical standpoints such as referential integrity and control & security measures, respectively.
To conclude, I’ve realized how data quality is very important in many aspects of different business, organizations, and institutions. Aside from reducing or avoiding large expenses in data management, data quality allows for a long-term productivity that is able to offer efficiency and more reliable services to customers or patients.