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  • Mary Nathalie E. Antonio posted an update in the group Group logo of MT30-Histology Art ABMT30-Histology Art AB 4 years, 1 month ago

    THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: HEART

    The heart is two pumps in one.
    Its function include:
    a. Generating blood pressure
    b. Routing blood
    c. Ensuring one-way blood flow
    d. Regulating blood supply

    The Heart Wall is composed of three layers:
    a. Epicardium
    b. Myocardium
    c. Endocardium

    The heart consists of four chambers:
    a. Right Atrium (RA)
    b. Left Atrium (LA)
    c. Right Ventricle (RV)
    d. Left Ventricle (LV)

      • Three layers of the heart wall:
        a. Epicardium
        aka visceral pericardium is a thin serous membrane that constitutes the smooth, outer surface of the heart.
        b. Myocardium
        The thick middle layer is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart’s ability to contract.
        c. Endocardium- smooth inner-surface of the heart chambers consists of simole squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue
        • The Four Chambers of the Heart and route of blood flow
          1. Deoxygenated blood enters (1) right atrium through Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
          2. Blood enters (2) right ventricle through tricuspid valve
          3. Blood exits right ventricle through pulmonary valve and enters pulmonary artery
          4. Left and right pulmonary arteries send blood to lungs, where gas exchange occurs
          5. Oxygenated blood returns to heart via the pulmonary veins  enters (3) left atrium
          6. Blood enters (4) left ventricle through mitral valve
          7. Blood exits left ventricle through aortic semilunar valve to enter aorta
          8. Aorta distributes blood to body

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