Written by Kiara Aleksy T. Paglinawan Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Skeletal muscle is a striated, multinucleated, and voluntary type of muscle tissue. Out of the three types of muscle tissue, skeletal muscle is the most abundant in the human body. It comprises about 30% to 40% of your body mass, with males having more than females. They connect to bones directly or through tendons, which are connective tissues. They are responsible for a variety of functions. Skeletal muscles produce voluntary movements, meaning you control how and when… Read More

Written by Gynne Ross Q. Ancheta Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Have you ever wondered what our hair is composed of? Let me take you back to the basics! It is composed of a protein called keratin, a fibrous structural protein. In the hustle and bustle of life, we tend to get overwhelmed by chores and issues and forget to stop for a moment to enjoy the little marvels that abound. But occasionally, in the simplest of things—such as a single strand of hair—we see beauty, intricacy, and… Read More

Written by Danielle Bubole Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. The Golgi apparatus is the collecting, sorting, and packaging site of your cell. These packaged and sorted materials are then delivered to different sites for daily use. Thus, your Golgi apparatus’ main function is arranging collected cellular materials and putting them inside a vesicle to be delivered and used to different sites. It’s either delivered to: Exocytosis is the process of getting stuff outside of the cell. Endocytosis is the process of getting stuff into the cell. Now that… Read More

Written by Mary Margarethe R. Cuevas Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. The lysosome plays a crucial role in cellular survival. It acts as the cell’s garbage disposal system. It also breaks down macromolecules and recycles cellular components. They are always perceived as the degradative organelle of the cell. We all know that cells are the basic building blocks of life. They are the smallest units of life. But, they also carry out all the functions needed to keep organisms alive. Inside the cell, it has even smaller parts… Read More

Written by Lorraine V. Espina Edited and Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños What is the cytoskeleton and its function? The cytoskeleton is a complex and changing network of protein filaments and tubules. It exists in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and some prokaryotic cells. It is a key part of the cell’s structure. It supports the cell and helps with many important functions. The scaffold-like structure supports the cell’s shape. It helps with intracellular transport and cell movement, and it also plays a role in cell division. Three primary types… Read More

Written by Lawrence Barquilla Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. The mitochondria’s major role is to generate ATP or adenosine triphosphate. ATP is the cell’s primary energy source and is utilized for reactions. Cellular respiration produces ATP. The mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) is an organelle found in all eukaryotic cells. It is popularly known as the cell’s “powerhouse,” and its primary function is to produce energy for the body. You will learn throughout this article about the powers of the cell’s powerhouse. You will also identify the key roles this… Read More

Written by: Therese C. Oyales Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. A histopathologist diagnoses diseases after careful examination of a tissue sample. They track the disease’s progression by looking for abnormal changes in the cells. Cancer cells, infections, and inflammations are the kinds of abnormalities histopathologists check for. Histopathologists do not work alone. They work in a multidisciplinary team. This team documents, processes, or examines the patient’s samples (biopsy). They also meet with other physicians to discuss the findings. Some healthcare professionals they work with include: These healthcare workers… Read More

Written by Kyle Peter Josh Bernaldez Deluvio Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Try to picture an airport with a control tower. Through observation, you can see several airplanes. You can see them arriving and departing in an organized and systematic manner. Why? This is because of the airport’s control tower. It navigates planes by directing them when to take off and land. Now, the airport’s control tower functions in a similar manner to the cell’s nucleus. The cell’s nucleus coordinates several activities of the cell. This includes… Read More

Written by Yara Patrice Formento Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Angina pectoris, or angina, is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It is not a disease, but it is a symptom of underlying cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Angina manifests when the myocardium does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Angina occurs either when the heart is pumping hard or at rest, depending on the severity of the underlying factor. Mayo Clinic describes angina as squeezing, pressure, tightness, and burning in the… Read More

Written by Paige Fernandez Edited and Reviewed by Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Your arteries supply blood and oxygen to your heart muscle. The obstruction of your arteries results in Myocardial Infarction (MI). It is also known as a heart attack. Unattended can cause severe cardiac damage and even death. You can recognize symptoms earlier once you know the early warning signs of MI. Early identification and treatment are critical for decreasing the severity of MI. Heart attacks are the most significant cause of mortality globally. Nonetheless, many people can avoid these… Read More