Written by Franzgayle T. Husain Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. The word histology comes from the Greek word “histo,” which means tissue, and “logos,” which means study. Hence, medical histology refers to the study of the structure of tissues. It examines tissues, cells, and organs from a morphological and molecular standpoint. Before we delve more into histology, let us first understand the concept of cells and tissues. Cells and Tissue The human body is consists of trillions of cells that work various functions. It serves as the fundamental unit… Read More

Written by Elijah Dave M. Cordova Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Neurotransmitters allow brain cells to communicate with each other. They enable the transfer of information across gaps among neurons. Among the major neurotransmitters in the CNS are acetylcholine and catecholamines. Serotonin and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) complete the list. Before we go into each of them, let us first classify neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine (Ach) is a neuromodulator that affects your attention and memory. It also impacts how you learn things through integration. Ach cells originate in your brainstem and midbrain…. Read More

We hope and pray that everyone is okay in this time of great challenge. Just as the sun will continue to rise every day, humanity will always have the strength to continue even in times of great difficulty. Storms will come and go, but our faith will remain. Discovering God has always been a struggle, especially as a Ph.D. candidate trained to be skeptical about everything. Still, I have come to the conclusion that life is meaningless without God, and everything I must do in this world is to continue to know… Read More

Written by Jean Mari A. Rojas Edited and Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. The term muscles came from the Latin word mus, which means “little mouse.” The naming of the term is because of how flexing muscles look like scurrying mice beneath the skin. There are three types of muscles: Some muscles line the heart (cardiac muscles) and other hollow organs (smooth muscles). Both of these muscles have involuntary movement.  Muscles make up most of our body mass, with 600 forces making up the entire muscular system. The muscular… Read More