Written by Glicy Lou D. Garinggo Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. No matter how complex your body is, it is only composed of four basic tissue types. These are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. They make up cells and molecules from the extracellular matrix, but they don’t exist on their own. They work together and in different amounts to form other organs and systems in the body. They are also critical cells because they help the body do its job. Epithelial tissues are polyhedral layers that are enclosed… Read More

Written by Ayessa G. Ibañez Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Genetic material is the hereditary substance holding all information specific to an organism. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the best example and most common. Although it is present in humans and almost all organisms, DNA is not the only genetic substance. Considering the definition mentioned, the genetic substance can be a gene, a part of a gene, and a group of genes. Genes are the functional units of inheritance. It contains the data needed to specify traits that pass from… Read More

Written by Nichole Isabelle J. Fidel Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. What are DNA and genes? You would often hear that parents pass on their traits and characteristics to their kids. Heredity is the term associated with the passing down of traits from parents to kids. Genetics studies how those traits pass down through the generation. You need to distinguish both terms to understand how heredity and genetics work. Functional units often make up complex units. For example, the gene is the primary and functional unit of heredity. Moreover,… Read More

Written by Josh Carl Vince B. Partosa Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. The human body consists of organs, each having specific functions. Cells are what make tissues, and tissues then form organs. Similarly, cells have organs of their own called organelles. An important organelle is ribosomes. It is important in the synthesis of protein, a molecule needed for growth and metabolism. The ribosomes produce protein for both inside and outside of the cell. Without these important structures, metabolism and growth would come to a halt. These structures assemble amino… Read More

Written by Jay Ryan L. Jacutin Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Chromosomes are one feature of the eukaryotic cell residing within the nucleus. Its DNA in plants and animal cells is a thread-like structure compacted in a tight manner. The DNA floats across the cell. They comprise DNA wherein its structural support called histones coils the chromosomes. The derivation of the term chromosomes comes from the Greek word chroma (color) and soma (body). It is due to the staining of cell structures with colorful dyes. The binding of the… Read More

Written by Ysandra Prille A. Tabilon Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Ribonucleic acid is one of the major biological macromolecules essential to life. It is a nucleic acid that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses. It is famous for its role in synthesizing proteins in your body. It also replaces deoxyribonucleic acid as a carrier of genetic code in many viruses. A central dogma of molecular biology asserts that genetic code flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. It is Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes RNA,… Read More

Written by Elijah Dave M. Cordova Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Histology is a fascinating field of study. It helps you understand how normal tissues appear. It teaches you how they function. It helps confirm the presence of several diseases. Histology allows you to trace the causes of diseases. It can also teach you how to treat them. The term “histology” comes from two Greek words. “Histos” means tissue, and “-logos” is a field of study. Hence, it deals with the study of the tissues in the body. It… Read More

Written by Kheizaya Methuzela G. Aguirre Reviewed by Dr. Reuben J C. Los Baños, Ph.D. Histology includes studying tissues and cells under a microscope. Histologists perform this to diagnose and research disorders of the tissues. They make tissue diagnostics and assist doctors in patient care management. People study histology to: Why is it called histology? Histology is a study that deals with cell and tissue structure at the microscopic level. Its name comes from the Greek term “histos,” which means tissue or columns. The other is “logia,” which refers to “study.” Histology first… Read More