Mucosa
Location: The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Glands in the mucous membrane make mucus (a thick, slippery fluid). Also called mucosa.
Function: The mucosa is the innermost layer, and functions in absorption and secretion. It is composed of epithelium cells and a thin connective tissue. The mucosa contains specialized goblet cells that secrete sticky mucus throughout the GI tract.
Submucosa
Location: The submucosa lies under the mucosa and consists of fibrous connective tissue, separating the mucosa from the next layer, the muscularis externa. Layers of stomach lining: Stomach.
Function: The submucosa, a dense network of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, neurons, and esophageal glands, primarily functions as a secretory layer.
Muscularis
Location: The muscularis mucosae is the deepest layer of mucosa, lying next to the submucosa. It consists of an outer longitudinal and inner circular layer of smooth muscle cells.
Function: The muscularis layer is responsible for the peristaltic movements and segmental contractions in and the alimentary canal
Serosa
Location: The outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest, including the stomach.
Function: Serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid to allow lubricated sliding movements between opposing surfaces.
Wall of the stomach with rugae
Esophagus
Location: The esophagus is located in the center of your chest in an area called the mediastinum. It lies behind your windpipe (trachea) and in front of your spine.
Function: The primary function of your esophagus is to carry food and liquid from your mouth to your stomach. When you swallow, food and liquid first move from your mouth to your throat (pharynx).
Fundus
Location: The fundus of the uterus is the top part of the uterus that is across from the cervix (the opening of the uterus). The fundus of the bladder is the back, bottom part of the bladder. Certain organs, including the bladder, gallbladder, stomach, uterus, and eye, have a fundus.
Function: The fundus collects digestive gases, the body secretes pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid, and the pylorus is responsible for mucus, gastrin and pepsinogen secretion.
Pylorus
Location: It is near the bottom of the stomach, proximal to the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum.
Function: The pylorus is a valve that opens and closes during digestion. This allows partly digested food and other stomach contents to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. The stomach is an organ in the upper abdomen.
Rugae
Location: The rugae are folds in the stomach lining. Surface epithelial cells, specialized mucus cells of the neck, and mucus cells in the glands also secrete mucin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein.
Function: A purpose of the gastric rugae is to allow for expansion of the stomach after the consumption of foods and liquids.
Doudenum
Location: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine (5-7 m), followed by the jejunum and ileum (in that order); it is also the widest and shortest (25 cm) part of the small intestine. The duodenum is a C-shaped or horseshoe-shaped structure that lies in the upper abdomen near the midline.
Function: To help break food down, the small intestine receives digestive juices from other organs in your digestive system, including your liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Ducts from these organs feed into the duodenum.
Four Layers of the GI tract
Mucosa
Location: The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Glands in the mucous membrane make mucus (a thick, slippery fluid). Also called mucosa.
Function: The mucosa is the innermost layer, and functions in absorption and secretion. It is composed of epithelium cells and a thin connective tissue. The mucosa contains specialized goblet cells that secrete sticky mucus throughout the GI tract.
Submucosa
Location: The submucosa lies under the mucosa and consists of fibrous connective tissue, separating the mucosa from the next layer, the muscularis externa. Layers of stomach lining: Stomach.
Function: The submucosa, a dense network of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, neurons, and esophageal glands, primarily functions as a secretory layer.
Muscularis
Location: The muscularis mucosae is the deepest layer of mucosa, lying next to the submucosa. It consists of an outer longitudinal and inner circular layer of smooth muscle cells.
Function: The muscularis layer is responsible for the peristaltic movements and segmental contractions in and the alimentary canal
Serosa
Location: The outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest, including the stomach.
Function: Serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid to allow lubricated sliding movements between opposing surfaces.
Wall of the stomach with rugae
Esophagus
Location: The esophagus is located in the center of your chest in an area called the mediastinum. It lies behind your windpipe (trachea) and in front of your spine.
Function: The primary function of your esophagus is to carry food and liquid from your mouth to your stomach. When you swallow, food and liquid first move from your mouth to your throat (pharynx).
Fundus
Location: The fundus of the uterus is the top part of the uterus that is across from the cervix (the opening of the uterus). The fundus of the bladder is the back, bottom part of the bladder. Certain organs, including the bladder, gallbladder, stomach, uterus, and eye, have a fundus.
Function: The fundus collects digestive gases, the body secretes pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid, and the pylorus is responsible for mucus, gastrin and pepsinogen secretion.
Pylorus
Location: It is near the bottom of the stomach, proximal to the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum.
Function: The pylorus is a valve that opens and closes during digestion. This allows partly digested food and other stomach contents to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. The stomach is an organ in the upper abdomen.
Rugae
Location: The rugae are folds in the stomach lining. Surface epithelial cells, specialized mucus cells of the neck, and mucus cells in the glands also secrete mucin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein.
Function: A purpose of the gastric rugae is to allow for expansion of the stomach after the consumption of foods and liquids.
Doudenum
Location: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine (5-7 m), followed by the jejunum and ileum (in that order); it is also the widest and shortest (25 cm) part of the small intestine. The duodenum is a C-shaped or horseshoe-shaped structure that lies in the upper abdomen near the midline.
Function: To help break food down, the small intestine receives digestive juices from other organs in your digestive system, including your liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Ducts from these organs feed into the duodenum.