Smartphone addiction, also known as nomophobia, is one of the emergent issues of our time that is affecting many of its citizens. According to recent studies, the percentage of mobile phone users has increased to a great extent. While 85% of the population uses smartphones, only 35% used mobile phones in 2011. For college students, 89% suffered from moderate or severe nomophobia, and mobile phone dependence increased significantly among those with a higher level of nomophobia.

Love addiction can be understood through the lens of neurobiology. When someone falls in love, the brain’s reward system is activated, releasing neurotransmitters such as dopamine, which is associated with pleasure and reward. Oxytocin, often called the “love hormone,” is released during physical touch and bonding activities, promoting feelings of attachment and trust. Serotonin levels can fluctuate, sometimes leading to obsessive thoughts about the loved one. These chemical changes can create a powerful, addictive feeling, similar to the effects of certain drugs.

Caffeine is the most consumed drug in the world, with an estimated 80% to 90% of children and adults regularly consuming it. Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that promotes increased alertness, enhanced concentration, and motivation. People can quickly develop a dependence on coffee, especially when consumed daily.