The large intestine has four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa. It has two types of motility, haustral contraction and mass movement. Haustral contraction slowly moves the food to the next haustra (saccules that give the colon its segmented appearance). It also helps with water absorption. On the other hand, Mass movement moves the chyme to the rectum. This five-foot-long organ functions in water absorption, vitamin production, and absorption, forming and propelling feces towards the rectum.

The stomach is a J-shaped organ that has five layers. The first layer is the Mucosa which is the innermost lining of the stomach. It releases digestive juices such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin. It is also where stomach cancers begin. The second layer is the Submucosa, which is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. The third layer is the Muscularis which is made of thick muscle tissues and helps mix food with digestive juices. The fourth layer is Subserosa which consists of supporting tissues for Serosa. Lastly, Serosa is the outermost layer and wraps around the stomach.

The Appendix is a hollow tube close in one end and the other is attached to the cecum. It is usually 8-10 cm long and less than 1.3 cm wide. It also has muscular walls that are capable of expelling mucous secretion of the appendiceal walls or fecal debris back into the intestine. If there is an obstruction, Appendicitis might occur.