Written by Ayessa G. Ibañez What are the 4 major layers of the digestive system? The gastrointestinal tract or GI tract makes up most of our digestive system. All parts in the system have common structural features to fulfill their role. These are the mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and the serous layer, the four major layers. Mucosa The mucosa is also known as the mucous membrane layer. You can find this layer in the innermost tunic of the wall. Moreover, it lines the lumen of the digestive tract. This histological layer of the… Read More

Written by Angelyn Evan S. Bomediano I.   Keratinocytes (KC) A. Definition Keratinocytes are the typical type of cell in the epidermis, the top layer of skin. They make up about 90% of the cells in the epidermis. They start in the stratum basale, the deepest layer, and move up to the stratum corneum, the outermost part. Also, they are flat, squamous cells with a lot of keratin but no nucleus. They accumulate in the basal layer and change as they move toward the skin’s surface. This process is gradual differentiation. It changes… Read More

Written by Ma. Disa Ricafort The circulatory system! It is the system responsible for the circulation of blood around the body. This system comprises the heart and an incredible number of vessels that carry blood to every extremity of your body. There is a lot to discuss here. Let’s begin by having a close peek at the heart. We often use the heart as the “symbol of love,” “seed of our soul,” or the “core of our being.” Sorry to burst your bubble, but no. That is not the heart’s business. It… Read More

Written by Sheariah R. Torrillo What are the major tissues of the nervous system? These cells are your neurons and glial cells. Your neurons are responsible for communicating through electrical signals. While your glial cells, also supporting cells, maintains the environment around your neurons. The nervous system has a vast array of functions. Being complex in nature, it can control your body’s internal environment to promote homeostasis and regulation. Even being complex, it only has two major types of cells in its nerve tissue for significant tissues. Your neurons, also known as… Read More

Written by Mary Abbygale Cabahug Blood vessels are the conduits that transport blood throughout your body. They form a closed loop that starts and stops at your heart, similar to a circuit. Your heart vessels and blood vessels make up your circulatory system. Your body has around 60,000 miles of blood veins. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and extracellular matrix make up blood vessels. It includes your arteries and veins (including collagen and elastin). There are three concentric layers (or tunica): intima, medium, and adventitia.  The intima (or tunica intima) The innermost… Read More

Written by Ysandra Prille A. Tabilon Fibrous connective tissue (FCT) is the most diverse type of connective tissue in your body. It is also referred to as fibroconnective tissue or connective tissue proper. It is usually located in the muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments, and skin, among other places. As its name implies, it contains a lot of prominent fibers. To be precise, it consists of Collagen, Reticular, and Elastic fibers. Based on the relative quantity of these fibers, they can be loose or dense connective tissue. The majority of the collagen fibers… Read More

Written by Jose Emmanuel Cisneros The three types of cartilage in the body include elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage. These three tissues differ in their strength, body location, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Cartilage is a connective tissue denser than the blood but less dense than the bone. It has chondrocytes that produce extracellular matrix (ECM). It contributes to the growth of cells and tissues. These materials lie in spaces called lacunae housing eight chondrocytes each. This connective flesh in the body is flexible and avascular. Thus, this tissue can support, cushion organs, and aid… Read More